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The Spectacle Buyers Guide.
A complete guide to shopping for spectacles on-line.
After reading this guide you will understand
1. How to choose a frame online that will fit you better
2. How to interpret your prescription
3. How to correctly input your prescription on-line
4. How to choose a frame that suits you
5. Selecting appropriate lens options
INTRODUCTION
Over the last few years internet shopping has become a way of life for many people. You can now buy pretty much anything over the internet and save an absolute 'packet' when comparing prices to the high street.
High street opticians traditionally had a monopoly over the supply of spectacles and customers were frequently paying in-excess of 5,000 percent mark up on the cost of simple single vision lenses!
The internet market for the sale of prescription spectacles has literally exploded in recent years and the number of on-line suppliers seems to grow daily. Obviously the high street Opticians are suffering somewhat from the rapid growth in on-line spectacle and sunglasses sales. They generally take a dim view of the whole affair and the threat it poses to their profits. If they get their way they will ban the sale of spectacles and contact lenses on-line.
A point worth remembering before you start telling him what a fantastic deal you got on your last pair of glasses over the internet, during your next sight test!
BUYING ON-LINE IS NOT WITHOUT PITFALLS!
The two biggest drawbacks with buying on-line is that we can't see your face to take measurements and you only have a digital photograph to go by when choosing frames. Both these obstacles and more can be easily overcome with a little patience and guidance. To this end we have taken the time to produce this guide to help you avoid any pitfalls and to help you select frames and lens options that you will be happy with, will fit you and save you time, trouble and most importantly money.
HOW TO CHOOSE A FRAME THAT FITS
You may already be a spectacle wearer. If so, the frame measurements will be indicated at various locations on the frame. The first place to look is on the sides. If you are lucky all three measurements will be together.
Example: 48 x 18 x 135 or 48 18 135
The first number, 48 is the eye size in millimeters. The second number is 18; this refers to the bridge width. The final three figure number 135, is the side length. Obviously, the larger these numbers are the bigger the frame is.
Other places to look are the inside of the bridge (especially on metal frames) or the inside of the right nose pad on plastics frames. The side length can sometimes be stamped on the inside of the plastic end tips.
This method alone is not always the best method for obtaining a good fitting frame. Two further measurements are included that ensure more accurate results. These are:
1. Frontal Width ~ Measured in millimeters, this is the horizontal distance between the centres of the two dowel screws that secure the sides. This is the OVERALL WIDTH measurement that we give for our frames and is an industry standard for measurement.
2. Lens Depth ~ This is the total depth of the lens in millimeters at its deepest point between upper and lower rims.
Bifocals & Lens Depth ~ If you are considering bifocals please be aware of lens depth. If the frame is very small and shallow, bifocals will not be very practical as neither the distance or reading portion of the lens will be large enough.
Compare your own frames measurements to those listed on our web site for a good fitting frame.
Other important notes regarding measurement
Side length is always measured as total length (as if the side were straightened) from the centre of the dowel screw that secures the side.
If you do not have a pair of glasses to go by, then you can easily take your own rough measurements. If you are unsure about sizing then a metal frame with adjustable nose pads is a good choice as it is easily adjusted.
Remember, you can always order frames on approval from Glasses4Less prior to purchase to save any disappointment.
If you're new to wearing spectacles you can always try on a few pairs in your local opticians to get some idea about size and style.
HOW TO DO I CHOOSE A FRAME THAT SUITS ME?
Many people who are already wearing glasses know which shapes suit them and which don't.
Certain face shapes suit certain lens shapes, however there is always exceptions to the rule. My best advice it to go 'window' shopping and try on as many shapes and styles as possible to get a feel for what is right for you. If you are a current spectacle wearer you may wish to play it safe and choose a pair of glasses similar to the one's you have at the moment. If you are new to wearing glasses or trying to find a new look, the following guide may be useful when selecting frame shapes. Looking for a change? Why not go for a rimless or semi-rimless frame with the same lens shape as your current glasses.
As a general guide:-
Oval
The oval face is to be the ideal shape because of its balanced proportions. The chin is slightly narrower than the forehead, and high cheekbones are typically characteristic.
Goal
Frames should maintain the natural balance of the oval face.
Tips
Select frames that are as wide or wider than the broadest part of the face
Avoid low, swooping temples, which will unbalance the face.
People who have a classic oval face usually have small features.
The goal is to keep the face in balance. Make sure the frame doesn't overwhelm the features.
Keep frames in proportion to the face.
Round Face
A round face is just that - full cheeks and round chin, with the width and length in the same proportions and little to no angles.
Goal
Choose frames that make the face appear longer and thinner.
Tips
Slightly angular or elongated frames will narrow a round face as long as they are not too shallow.
Avoid small round or square styles, which will exaggerate facial roundness.
Check frame clearance, especially when smiling, to ensure it does not rest on the cheeks.
A clear bridge widens the eyes, and colored temples add width
The frames should have good temple width and the lens shape should be wider than the depth.
Metal frames with adjustable nosepads will keep lenses from resting on the fuller cheeks.
Square Face
A square face is characterized by a strong jaw line, a broad forehead, and a wide chin and cheekbones. The width and length are normally proportional to one another.
Goal
Frames should make face look longer.
Tips
Slightly curved narrow styles will down play a square face and help lengthen it.
The frames should be wider than the widest part of the face.
Choose frames with lens shapes that have more width than depth.
Select frames with weight on top. Frames should sit high on the face to help lengthen it.
Try oval shapes with temples in the center.
Try to avoid a lens shape that is flat on the bottom, as this will mirror the face shape. Instead, look for a frame that has some curve or uplift to draw attention away from the jawline.
Diamond
The diamond face is the least common shape. They are narrow at the eye line and jawline, with a small forehead and chin. The cheekbones are often high and dramatic.
Goal
Choose frames that widen the forehead and jaw and minimize the temples.
Tips
Choose frames that are heavy on top, but avoid lowered temples as they will emphasise the diamond shape.
Rimless or supra frames can be a good choice.
Square frames or frames with a straight top and curved bottom will also work.
Oblong
The oblong face is longer than it is wide, and has high, straight cheek line, deep forehead and a strong or chiseled jaw. The nose on this face may be longer and quite large. Because this face shape is longer than it is wide, the oblong face needs a frame that has more depth than width. This will create an illusion that makes the face appear shorter.
Goal
Choose frames that reduce the length of the face, making the face appear shorter and wider.
Tips
Choose deep frames.
To shorten the face, try round, deep, full frames, or frames with strong horizontal lines.
Decorative or contrasting temple rims can add width to the face, as can low temples.
To make the face appear shorter and more balanced, try frames that have a deep lens shapes that add width to the face, or a low bridge to shorten the nose. Choose a frame shape that is more rounded or curved in order to add width to the face to neutralize this angular face shape.
Triangle (Base Down)
The triangular face has a narrow forehead that widens at the cheek and jaw areas.
Goal
Frames should add width to the forehead while softening and narrowing the appearance of the jaw, chin, and cheeks.
Tips
Choose frames that emphasise the eye-line that are wide enough to balance the jaw.
Frames with slightly bolder or heavy tops should work well. As will supra, semi-rimless designs.
Frames with bold, wide temple edges will help fill in and balance the upper third of this face shape at the eyeline.
Avoid low-temple styles. Try square, straight-top frames, semi-rimless (no rim on the bottom half), or any eyewear with emphasis on the top half of the frame.
Try frames that are heavily accented with color and detailing on the top half, or try cat-eye shapes.
Triangle (Base UP)
This face shape has a very wide forehead; high cheekbones narrow mouth and chin.
Goal
Minimize the width of the top of the face. Frames should add width below the eyeline to offset the narrow chin.
Tips
Try frames that are wider at the bottom.
Low temples will add balance.
Frames with thin rims and vertical lines will help balance the lower part of the face. Frames with rounded tops and squared bottoms will also work.
Very light colors and rimless styles are also effective.
The base up triangle-shaped face is a very difficult face shape to select frames for. Virtually any pair of frames will add emphasis to the face just where you won't need it.
Rimless frames are an excellent choice.
To highlight the eyes and bring out the cheekbones, try frames that have detailing or distinctive brow lines, or try rimless frames or oval and cat-eye shapes.
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| Interpreting your Prescription
How to avoid common mistakes
This is an important section. Please follow this carefully.
Your prescription may seem confusing at first glance but it really is quite simple to understand. The other problem, especially with hand written forms, is interpreting the opticians handwriting. If you can not read your prescription PLEASE ASK FOR HELP!
Every prescription, where ever you are in the world follows the same basic format. There may be a few variations on layout and/or abbreviations, but all the information you need will be on the form.
Each prescription will have values for both LEFT and RIGHT eyes for the correction of your vision.
SPH or Sphere
The value entered here is the correction for long or short sightedness.
"CYL" or Cylinder
The correction for an Astigmatism.
Axis
The axis that the cylinder needs to be set at.
Add or Addition
This is always a "+" or positive value is included for us to interpret your reading prescription. If there is no value in the box then you prescription is for distance only.
Prism and Base
If you have any value in the prism boxes please contact us before placing an order. Prism is used for the correction of double vision and may be considered as a complex prescription. In any case additional charges will almost certainly apply.
On-line ordering process
On our website you enter the on-line shop and using the left hand menu browse our selection of frames. Prior to adding your selection to the cart you have a selection of 'drop down' boxes to select the following:
Buy or Trial Frame
Here you have an option to purchase or order on approval
Frame Size
This shows sizes that the frame is available in.
Frame Colour
Select from the colour available
Spectacle Type
Select what you require your spectacles for,
Distance (TV, driving, general use)
Intermediate use (for computer or office work etc.)
Reading
Standard Tint Options
Other tints are available, but please note that these are NOT standard and charged accordingly. Other options are available in the LENS EXTRA'S menu.
How dark do you require your tint? Remember 80% is light and 15% is dark
Other important information in this section is:-
Need info on frame sizing?
Need info on Glasses On Approval?
Simply "Click" the ? for more information.
Once you have added your frame selection to the cart you will see two banners one at the top the other at the bottom.
"Looking for Exclusive lens extra's? Click here to browse all lens extras now"
If you need to add lens extra's click the link and browse lens extra's. You can browse this section independently via the shop menu down the left hand side of your page. Once you click "Add to Cart" you will automatically be transferred back to your shopping cart and will once more be able to see the two banners
If you ever want to get back to this section, simply click VIEW CART from the top page menu.
You are now back in the shopping cart with the two banners. The lower banner reads:-
"Need to add your prescription? Click here to submit your prescription now!"
If you miss this accidentally don't worry. You will be prompted again prior to final checkout. You may also submit the prescription form at any time. The link is at the top of the page in the shop menu called "Your Prescription". Please note that it is very important that you add your name and contact details to the form.
ENTERING YOUR PRESCRIPTION
The number one of the biggest mistakes we come across when entering prescriptions online is selecting a "+" value instead of a "-"value or vice versa.
The second most common mistake is ordering up distance glasses when reading was required and vise versa.
Your prescription may consist of both positive (+) and negative (-) values.
Lens powers are expressed in diopters (D) of power and increase by 0.25 or 1/4 steps. Powers are always be written in decimal notation. To prevent confusion it is important to write two figures after the decimal point, even if they are both noughts and if necessary, a nought in front of it. Otherwise it is very easy for mistakes to occur.
Example
+1.00 might be mistaken for +10 if the decimal point were not clear
Minus prescription and lenses
-0.25, -0.50, -0.75, -1.00, -1.25, -1.50, -1.75, -2.00 and so on….
Plus or Positive prescriptions and lenses
+0.25, +0.50, +0.75, +1.00, +1.25, +1.50, +1.75, +2.00 and so on….
SPH (Sphere)
This will have either a positive (+) or minus (-)sign with power in 0.25 steps as above. The value may also have 'D' or 'DS' written after it, this just means that spherical lens only is required and no Cyl value will be entered.
CYL (cylindrical)
May consist of a positive (+) or minus (-) sign with power in 0.25 steps as above. If values are written in this box there should be values in the axis box also.
Axis
Will consist of a numerical value from 0 to 180 very rarely 360 degree notation. Optical cylinder axis is one and the same with the values on a protractor. If you place a protractor one a table in front of you, the horizontal value zero (0) or 360 will be on your right, moving right to left, vertically is 90 degrees and the horizontal value on your left is 180 degrees. Figures will only be in this box when you have a CYL value.
Note regarding + or - signs: Opticians may write the signs either above the value or next to the value. Some prescription forms may have a little box next to each value especially for the appropriate sign.
ADD or Addition
This will ONLY consist of a positive (+) value. Because this is an addition it may have no sign as it is always assumed to be positive. Even though there will be additions for both the right and left eye, the Optician may only write the 'ADD' in one box. This means that the value is the same for both right and left lenses.
The value is added to your distance prescription if you need reading glasses and is used for the segment or near power in bifocals or varifocals.
Some opticians may write out your complete near prescription underneath your distance prescription. If you are only ordering new distance glasses simply use the distance prescription only. If you need to order a pair of distance and readers or a pair of bifocals, please call us so that we can calculate the "add" for you. The on-line prescription order form is not set up to accept prescriptions written this way.
Plano, 0.00, 8, ~, Infinity - All mean the same thing nothing! No correction is needed.
PD or "Pupillary Distance"
Is the distance between the centre of one pupil to the centre of the other in millimeters. During your sight test ask for this measurement from your optician. Once you know your P.D measurement, remember it! It is an important measurement and needed when ordering on-line.
Opticians generally do not like handing out prescriptions or giving customers their P.D measurements especially if they suspect that you are not going to buy your glasses from them. If they suspect that you are buying online they may be even less helpful. Opticians, by law MUST provide you with a copy of your prescription IMMEDIATELY after your sight test. They must NOT withhold your test and make you feel that you must buy your spectacles from them. In reality many Opticians make you feel obliged and will do their best to railroad you into buying your specs from them using various techniques. However, good Opticians don't need to employ such tactics and will happily give you the information you need. Remember you can always take your business elsewhere and my advice is that if you are made to feel awkward or pressured in anyway, get your eyes tested by another Optician.
If you can't get your P.D measurements from your Optician don't worry. There are several ways of obtaining it. In most cases our standard average measurement of 63mm will suffice, except for those with particularly high prescriptions. We can also get a feel for what your P.D should be by experience and certain order criteria such as your gender and the size of frame you have chosen etc. You can also post us a previous pair of spectacles and we can take the measurements we need from them.
It is very simple to measure your own P.D and we have provided detailed instructions on the best way to go about measuring it on our website. In the shop menu at the top of the page you will see "PD Form". Simply click this link and print off the details so you have them to hand for guidance whilst measuring.
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| Here is what we recommend
Ask a friend to hold a millimetre rule just above the centre of your eyes and measure the distance between the outside edge of one pupil to the inside edge of the other pupil.
Both of you should be at the same height approximately, sat opposite each other. The measurer holds the ruler in their left hand across the bridge of your nose and closes their LEFT eye to avoid any parallax error. With their RIGHT eye open, they then first line up the ruler with outside edge of your left pupil. Then without moving the ruler they close their RIGHT eye and with their LEFT eye read off the measurement to the inside edge of RIGHT pupil.
CHOOSING LENSES RIGHT FOR YOU!
With literally thousands of products on the market, from thousands of manufacturers and suppliers worldwide, you might be forgiven for being a little confused when it comes to selecting lenses. But don't worry, here at Glasses4Less we have sourced and 'filtered' the products for you from the world's top suppliers and manufacturers in the optical industry. Whether you spend £20 or £200 you can be sure that you are getting the finest quality and value for money pound per pound spent.
To help our customers with their decision making we have grouped our lens products into three simple categories.
STANDARD
PREMIUM
ELITE
The first thing to understand is that ALL lenses are classed as medical devices and that the entire field of spectacle manufacturing, in particular spectacle lens production depends on consistent adherence to standards. The difference between standard, premium and elite lenses can be compared to the difference between motor vehicles. Take the new Mercedes-Benz SL55 AMG Roadster and the Ford Ka, both get you from A to B, both comply with all the relevant safety standards. However I think we all understand that the Mercedes-Benz SL55 AMG Roadster is an Elite product and just that little bit special. The same applies to lenses. They all do the same job, however some out perform others by design.
Lenses can be made in two basic materials Plastic (Organic) or Glass (Mineral).
The majority of the lenses sold today are made from Plastic, they are lighter and safer than glass and with new materials, coatings and emerging technologies they are getting thinner.
High Index Lenses
Each lens has a "Refractive index", the higher the refractive index the thinner the lens. Standard plastic stock starts at n=1.502 index, below is a list of some of the standard, mid and high indexes available, remember, the higher the number the thinner the lens:
n=1.50, n=1.56, n=1.59, n=1.6, n=1.61, n=1.69, n=1.74, n=1.8, n=1.9
Now for the science bit for those who are interested!
The refractive index of a lens is obtained by:
Refractive index n = Speed of light in Air / Speed of light in Medium
The way in which the refractive index is calculated is not important to you the customer. What is important is what it means to the thickness of the lens. The highest refractive index currently available in Plastic is n=1.74, however I predict that it will not to be long before we see n=1.8 or even n=1.9 index on the market. Currently super high index lenses of n=1.8, 1.9 are only available in glass. It is worth remembering that whilst plastic lenses may scratch easier than glass they rarely break and when they do crack they crack "safer" without shards or splints associated with glass lenses.
Most people think that by simply throwing money at the highest index lens will get them the thinnest job possible. This is not always the case. Proper frame selection with regard to size, shape and fit can make a world of difference to lens thickness as can Thin Lens Calculation for + or positive prescriptions. Simply put, this just means that the lens is made no bigger than absolutely necessary to fit the frame with the optical centre of the lens correctly aligned with your own P.D. With + or positive prescriptions, inappropriate, over sized lenses can look excessively thick and unsightly. If you combine this service with a high index lens you can achieve the thinnest lens possible for your prescription/frame combination. All the prices on our website are for STOCK diameter, uncut lenses; however we do offer Thin Lens Calculation as a Lens Extra. Simply enter our On-line shop then select:
Lens Extra's - Other Lens Options - Thin Lens Calculation
We have seen that the higher the refractive index number the thinner the lens will be. This is because of the type of lens materials used in the production of the lens. Materials that bend light more than others have a higher refractive index and hence a shorter or longer focal length. The result is that the same lens power and focal length can be achieved from less lens (material) making them thinner. Like most things in life they these gains come at a price (and not just ££'s). The down side is that high index lenses are usually slightly heavier, especially glass lenses. Also the materials used to produce high index lenses dramatically increase surface and internal reflections. Thankfully the recent technological advances in the development of anti-reflection, multi coatings have largely overcome this problem. Nearly all high index lenses these days come with reflection free multi coatings as standard. In fact, due to the softer nature of high index plastic, if it wasn't for these coatings, which now contain a hard coat layer as standard, many high index lenses wouldn't be available.
Lens Options.
Standard Plastic CR39 1.5
These are the type of lenses included with the frames on our website. They are Ideal for most prescriptions; however prescriptions with powers stronger than +/-3.00 would start to benefit from a higher index lens.
Mid Index Plastic 1.56
These lenses are up to 20 percent thinner than standard CR39 and 23 percent lighter. Hard coated as standard they give good resistance to scratching and abrasion, thinner, lighter and flatter than n=1.5 index.
Mid Index Polycarbonate 1.59
These lenses are up to 10 times stronger than standard plastic and are fitted as standard to all our rimless frames as they are an ideal choice. Up to 20 percent thinner and 30 percent lighter than standard plastic. One hundred percent UVA and UVB protection
High Index Plastic 1.6
These lenses are an ideal option for prescriptions of up to +/-5.00. They are supplied with a Hard Multi Anti-Reflective coating as standard (HMAR) which will reduce glare in situations such as night driving. 1.6 lenses are 23% thinner than standard plastic.
High Index Plastic 1.67
This is a very affordable high index lens, ideal for supra or rimless glazing if you are looking for something thinner than 1.59 index. These lenses 15 percent thinner than the1.6 index and 25 percent flatter. Ideal for prescriptions of +/ -7.00, beyond this range will start to look thick.
Very High Index Plastic 1.74
This is the thinnest and the most expensive plastic lens available on the market today. It is 50 percent thinner than the 1.56, 15 percent thinner and 25 percent flatter than 1.6 index lenses and 30 percent lighter than the glass equivalent. This is the ultimate plastic lens, great for mid to high prescriptions, provides full UVA and UVB protection.
Very High Index Glass 1.8 and 1.9
Prescriptions that may require such a very high index are beyond the scope of this internet site.
We only supply prescriptions up to a combined power of + or - 8.00 over the internet. We believe that powers beyond this are not really suited to internet shopping and that you really need to see customers face to face for accurate measurements to be taken. As prescriptions become more complex a greater degree of accuracy required.
For example: A +10.00 lens set with 1mm of error would cause a one prism error. A +1.00 lens would need to be set with 1cm (10mm) of error to achieve the same degree of prismatic error.
Lens Types
Just to confuse you further, there are also hundreds of different styles of lenses available. Thankfully the industry tends to stick to a dozen or so standard forms and the majority are considered "specials". It makes sense to make your selection from standard designs when it comes to lens types as "one off" or occupational designs can be expensive. Anything is possible but inevitably it comes with a price tag!
Single Vision Lenses
As the name would suggest, these are lenses for single vision correction e.g., distance intermediate or reading correction. If you need a distance and reading correction you could potentially find yourself with up to three pairs of spectacles. A pair of spectacles for distance use, reading and an intermediate pair for the computer or office. Single vision lenses are usually the cheap option however; based on the amount of customers we get who lose or break their multiple pairs of spectacles I'm not so sure. Spectacles that are on your face rarely get lost of broken, (there are exceptions) but the poor reading glasses get a real hard time.
Single vision lenses are available in both plastic and glass and all refractive indexes.
Bifocals Lenses
Bifocals are basically distance glasses with a reading segment fused or molded into the bottom of the lens. Bifocals are simply distance lenses with a reading segment and un-like Varifocals have no intermediate correction. There are various types or "shapes" of the reading segment available.
The "D" Seg
The standard segment shape as offered on our website is called, for obvious reasons, the "D Seg" this looks like the letter D on its side with the flat edge at the top, hence the name D Seg. This segment comes in various sizes, D22, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 millimetre. The standard seg size on the website is D28 (28mm)
The "Round" Seg
Another standard segment shape is the round segment. This is simply a round button or segment, fused or molded into a distance lens during the manufacturing process. It comes in the following sizes R22, 24, 25, 28, 38, 40, 45 millimetre. The standard seg sizes are either R25 or R28.
Executive
Another type of bifocal called an executive or "E Type" bifocal is also available. With this lens the lens is basically divided into two halves with the whole bottom half of the lens dedicated to near vision. This lens is not as popular as it used to be, some people find that the reflections on the dividing line can be quite annoying, however it is a great occupational lens for people who read a lot.
Bifocals are available in standard plastic, 1.6 plastic, Transitions Brown & Grey, standard glass, Photo Brown and Photo Grey Extra.
Varifocals
Varifocals correct distance, intermediate and reading prescriptions all in one pair of glasses. Varifocals are more complicated than standard single vision or bifocal lenses, not only do they need fitting to your correct P.D but they also need to be set at the correct vertical height from the centre of your pupils to the lower rim of the frame.
If you require a simple re-glaze of your existing spectacle frame with new Varifocals then this is no problem. We simply set your new lenses to your existing measurements.
What is important is that you experienced no difficulties using the existing Varifocals that you send to us for re-glazing. This is because if the non-tolerance problem was due to a fitting error then we would be simply copying this error as we have no way of cross checking for the correct fit.
If you would like a new pair of frames fitted with Varifocal lenses then please contact us directly. We only accept these jobs subject to our approval. Whilst it is not impossible to achieve, it requires more work and effort from both parties to make sure we are both happy before we proceed. The Varifocals that we have supplied to customers have been a huge success, however it is a time consuming process that most customers would rather not get involved with. The upside is that you can save a fortune compared to high street prices. If you are considering Varifocals you may want to consider the following first.
1. The first step is for us to see your prescription and assess suitability.
2. Next we need to make sure we have a good fitting frame. This may take a while as various frames are posted back and forth on approval. Sending us an existing pair of spectacles can speed up the process and help us to advise you regarding your frame selection. It will also provide us with your P.D measurement.
3. Once you are happy with the frame we will mark it up for you with your P.D measurement. We will also, using our experience based on the information we have to hand about you, mark the lenses where we think the fitting cross position should be.
4. We will then post the marked up frame to you for you to cross check our measurements. Again, if this isn't right the first time, this may need posting back and forth until it is correct. Only once we are both happy will we proceed with the order.
5. If you have never worn Varifocals before we advise you to get them from your local optician. After reading the above, if you still wish to buy on-line then please give us a call. We Guarantee all our Varifocals and will exchange them for single vision lenses or bifocals if you find you cannot get on with them for some reason.
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